Crime And Human Rights Criminology Of Genocide And...

For the book review assignment, I chose to read â€Å"Crime and Human Rights: Criminology of Genocide and Atrocities†. I chose this book, because the study of genocide is interesting to me, in learning about why it happens and how to stop it from happening in the future. In regards to the essay, it is going to be broken into three different parts. The first part, which is planned to be about half of the essay, will talk about a couple of the major themes of the book. The second part will consist of showing how the book is tied to content we have learned in class. And to wrap up the paper, I will talk about some of the strengths and weaknesses of the book. The first major theme I am going to talk about is the criminology of genocide and how it unfolds. In explaining the criminology of genocide, the book used historical cases of genocide to explain their reasons for genocide unfolding. First off, according to the book, genocide is more likely to happen in countries with a weak g overnment (Savelsberg 3). In other words, any country that has lack of leadership and control of the people are more likely to be prone to genocide occurring. Other factors that can contribute to genocide are racism and any political upheaval. In explaining why and how genocide unfolds, the book used the example of the holocaust in order to provide a real life situation to put the concepts to life. The book examines the steps that it took for the German genocidal regime to be put into place. This helps giveShow MoreRelatedThe, Socio Economics And Critical Legal Theories Essay973 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific evidences, hence, these legal arguments further gather force and liveliness .In this context, using the templates and thoughts from green criminology, public-international law’, wild-life law, jurisprudence, Human Rights, International environmental law, (treaties, national law and Customary law)as well as tort law ,the author will argue that, as a crime of strict liab ility, ecocide is a true representation of all disciplines and hence is a pragmatic remedy for 21st century challenge. Insofar

Marxism and Religion Essay - 1315 Words

Marxism and Religion Throughout Karl Marx’s life he was not thought to be anything special, just a regular working man, but in reality Marx was a â€Å"philosopher, a journalist, an economist, a historian, and a moralist.†[1] Even with all of this hard work most people did not think that he would amount to much. Little did most of the people who lived during Marx’s lifetime know how big of an impact he would have on the world within the next century. Karl Marx, the philosopher, had to have one of the biggest impacts on the world to this day. Marx’s most well known following came from the Communist nation the Soviet Union. The Soviets believed in all of his philosophical writing and thoughts of religion. Not†¦show more content†¦The Marxist thought is that there is no afterlife, and only the life that counts is that which human beings live on this planet. The only â€Å"paradise†¦[is] a classless society.†[5] The afterlife is a belief that is very basic to Christian teaching. While there are many Christians that are not sure of the criteria by which to reach heaven, or where it is, they do believe that life does not end with death on this planet. To many religious people their paradise is the time after they die. There is one area that both religious believers and Marxist agree; both believe that the other is being brainwashed, but that is where it all ends. Marxists believe that th ey are correct when they say, â€Å"there is no God above [the Communist] movement.†[6] That comment contradicts what most religious people believe, and which is that God is the Supreme Being, He is almighty. This is where Marxists feel that religious people are brainwashed. On the issue of who is above God, it is evident that Marxists and religious people are on opposite ends of the spectrum. Another issue that deals with individuals is the idea of property. Marxists hold the belief that government should take all private property and distribute it equally among states.[7] That is in no way the belief of the different religions. Religious people have no problem with individuals living a comfortable life, or even wealthy, as long as the way in which the money is obtained isShow MoreRelatedMarxism in Metropolis Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesabout modern day theories and views. The movie entails many views on Marxism, capitalism, Industrialism, and organized religion, m ostly. Marxism is supported in the movie, capitalism is not supported in the movie, Industrialism is partially supported, and Organized Religion is not supported. Marxism is shown is supported in Metropolis by showing the horrid results of what could have been prevented if Marxism had been used. Marxism is the theory that the working class deserves respect, because withoutRead More Functionalist View on the Role and Functions of Religion in Society716 Words   |  3 PagesFunctionalist View on the Role and Functions of Religion in Society Assess the view that sociological arguments and evidence support the Functionalist view of the role and functions of religion in contemporary society. Functionalists believe that religion is a conservative force, and an institution which adds to the requirements of society. They say it ultimately operates as an agency of socialisation. Durkheim (1912) said that all societies are separated intoRead MoreEssay on The Role of Religion in Society1005 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Religion in Society The role of religion in society is definately a dynamic one. The relationship between both religion and society is always changing. Religion effects different societies in different ways and different forms, causing the forms of society to change according to a change in religion. Religion can be a driving force in society, but as a reactionary rather than in a radical way. Functionalism Functionalists believe that religion maintainsRead MoreKarl Marx And Its Impact On Society1306 Words   |  6 Pagesthere isn’t a private ownership of production, where the state owns the means of production and the society would be classless. Although Marx did not believe in religion, parts of his theory can compare to certain ideas in the Bible. However, the eventual Communism that Marxism led to does not agree with God’s word. Influences of Marxism Karl Marx was born into a Jewish family in Trier, Germany in the year 1818. When Marx was a child, his family moved to a town that was predominately Lutheran. Marx’sRead MoreThe Brave New World By Aldous Huxley906 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, Marxism is seen through the whole story. In the story everybody serves the society in the world state. Society makes everybody’s needs and are fulfilled, as well as some of the characters show us Marxism in the way they act or where conditioned. Religion is as well seen in the novel and connected to Marxism. Socioeconomic class is one of the main literacy of Marxism shown in the novel due to human behavior. In the beginning it starts off how in the worldRead MoreEssay about Karl Marx and His View on Religion1186 Words   |  5 Pagesand His View on Religion Karl Marx, the founder and main advocator of his Marxist philosophy, wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848. This document was the basis for all of his thoughts and ideas of the world at the time being. One of the major topics that he spoken on was how religion affected the society and how it was an institution that was not actually necessary to exist. Marxist VS Religion Marx saw religion as an evil thatRead MoreMarxism And The Communist Manifesto915 Words   |  4 Pagesconstant struggle between the proletariat, the working class population, and the bourgeoisie, the upper class of society with significant capital. One of the better known ideologies is Marxism, which explains how a nation should form itself to develop a communist society. Karl Marx illustrates his ideas of Marxism in The Communist Manifesto. A point of controversy within the Communist Manifesto addresses how nationalism does not help form the communist state but rather rhetorically seeks to denyRead MoreDr Ali Shariati And The Iranian Revolution1466 Words   |  6 Pagesopinions according to his views towards Marxism as some thinks he was against it and others that he was a true Marxist, hiding behind Islam. He was separating himself from clerical Islam by often criticizing ‘traditional ulama’ of betraying its initial targets. This essay will be divided in three parts. First part will present a brief biography of Ali Shariati, the second will discuss his main views and ideas and his attitude towards Clericalism and Marxism. And the third will be an overview ofRead MoreReligion and Social Change1217 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Religion can be both a conservative force and an initiator of social change†. To what extent to sociological arguments/evidence support this view. There is great debate concerning the role of religion in society, and whereas some claim that religion acts as a conservative force (that is, it inhibits change), others argue that religion is a major contributor to social change. As would be expected, many sociologists have took the middle ground, and argue that religion can act as both as conservativeRead MoreDiscuss Marxism and Functuionalism and Compare1133 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosopher. For him, common sense and the obvious would not suffice; he wanted to build scientific theories based on critical awareness of society. The two main stems of sociological concepts are Positivism and Phenomenology. Both Functionalism and Marxism are Positivist theories. This means that philosophies are built by using scientific research methods to create structural perspectives. Positivism is called macro sociology because it looks at society holistically; it also emphasises the power of

Personal Narrative Free Essays

Luckily my parents answered and they told e that they were not going to be home until the next day because they had to go to the hospital I to see a friend in need. K no big deal so IM home alone for a night, I should be fine; I am smart t and I can take care of myself. So I went home and took out the trash because that was my I sat chore. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then I went into my room, which was called the â€Å"cave† because once went in; never r came out except for to eat and use the restroom. A few hours passed and I was hungry, I figure d since it was 7:30 should go make me dinner. I walked out to the kitchen and passed by the baa k door, it was wide open. I could’ve swore I shut it but maybe not, so I closed it again and proceed deed to make my dinner (Mac n’ cheese). While was eating kept hearing some weird shuffling noises In my back door. It was dark so I automatically thought who would be outside in the dark. I perceived it to be an animal so ignored it and finished eating. When it was time to clean up my dish noticed that I had left the door unlocked. Walked over to the door to lock it, t hen I froze. I couldn’t believe what I just saw, it appeared to me that a huge figure jumped ever my wall into the desert. After taking a sec to get myself together immediately locked the door and shut the curtains. Thought was crazy, that I was just seeing things. L went back into m y â€Å"cave† and started watching TV to try and get my mind off of what had just taken place. W ell it worked for a little while, until started hearing what sort Of sounded like foot Steps on the c repeat. I then locked my door and shut off the TV with the lights and tired to go to sleep. Lulled the e covers over my head and slammed my eyes shut. That didn’t help, at that point I knew I was n t crazy. Did see a man hop my fence, because I am now hearing shelves and drawers open in the e kitchen. The man must of came back, but how did he get in. Then it hit me, didn’t remember to hide the back door key under the mat when I got home; it was left sitting on the bench. After that realization, a million thoughts were going through my head. What was going to do? How w as I going to do it? Then the question that worried me the most was an obvious one. Was I go Eng to be alright? Those questions kept recurring as well as many others at an immeasurable RA e until it became dead silent in the house. For a moment Thought that he left, but I couldn’t ha eve been more wrong. Got up to check, but then saw the man’s feet underneath my door, h e walked right past it. It happened again, I froze, except this time I didn’t have time to gather ms elf, because the stranger was trying to open my door. It was locked, so he was rigorously jerk Eng the door knob trying to get in. With tears running down my face like waterfalls, knew that I had to do something or was going to be subject to this man. So I quickly ran to my win owe, opened it and ran out. Luckily for me , only had one floor on my house so I was easily able t o sprint down the street to my friends house where I felt safe. His dad walked down to my house e because he was a police officer and checked out the situation. What he found was my uncle, my parents did not tell me that they were sending my uncle down to my house late at night with a eek y of his own to check and see if was doing K. Turns out that it was nothing and I over react De. But it did make for one heck of an experience, with a great story to tell. How to cite Personal Narrative, Essays Personal Narrative Free Essays I would like to tell you about one of the funniest moments in my life. I was around fourteen or fifteen at the time. I had a friend by the name of Antione who was my best friend. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now We did everything together, from going to school dances to weekend parties at other friend houses. None of that compares to what my friend Antione did to me one cloudy morning. One Sunday morning, I received an invitation from a friend of mine, Antione. I had come back from Chicago to my home place, Canton, Ohio. He invited me to lunch. I got up early in the morning and started getting ready. My sister gave me a cup of tea early in the morning. Then, I took my bath and got ready. My sister then again asked me to take some snacks and tea, but I refused to take it as I was more interested in reaching my friend’s house. She insisted that I have a heavy breakfast, but I ignored her request. I went out of my house and stood at the bus stop. I boarded the bus. The conductor came to ask me to buy a ticket. I asked him to give me a ticket for Harmont Avenue. The conductor frowned at me saying, â€Å"It is going in the reverse direction, you get down at the next stop and catch another bus. I was baffled for some time. Then, I alighted from the bus and again waited for the bus going to Harmont Avenue. I got the bus and reached Harmont Avenue, but surprisingly, when I reached his house, I found the door locked. I was puzzled and wondered whether I had come to the right place or not. After some time, a neighbor of my friend came and asked me, â€Å"Why are you standing here? Do you want to meet someone? † I replied, â€Å"Yes, I want to see Antione, living in apartment number fifteen. † He immediately quibbled, â€Å"But he changed his house last Wednesday and has gone to the south-side. Frustrated, I came back to the bus stop. I was feeling hungry. After some time, it started drizzling. I was now in a fix as to what to do. My confusion was compounded by torrential rains! Plus, I had refused to take morning breakfast, in the hope that I would take it at my friend’s house. At this state, my anger was mounting! I was cursing myself as well as my fate. But I controlled my anger. I made my mind up to meet Antione. An idea hit my mind. I called the south-side apartments. The person on duty gave me Antione’s address. I made my journey to his apartment. I rang the door bell. Mane, a tiny tot (Antione’s youngest brother), came out and greeted me with a â€Å"Hello uncle! † The moment I entered the drawing room, I saw the parent’s of Antione sitting on the sofa. They offered me a seat, and I sat comfortably. As I was about to talk about the invitation extended to me from Antione, Crystal (Antione sister) came with tea. She was looking like a pretty and vivacious lady. (Let it be known that I used to love this girl from my high school days and had written many love letters to her, making a proposal for marriage). How to cite Personal Narrative, Essays Personal Narrative Free Essays My Personal Narrative By Amber Moran A Time of Regret In 2010, there were a total of 32,885 fatalities due to automobile accidents in the United States. 10,228 of those fatalities were alcohol related. That’s 31% of all traffic deaths in the United States in 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Narrative or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Iowa alone, there were a total of 90 alcohol impaired driving fatalities and 12 of those drivers were under 21. Also, 75% of all alcohol impaired driving fatalities, the drivers BAC (blood alcohol content) was . 15 or higher. The legal limit is . 08. Finally, the 2010 arrest record in Iowa for alcohol related crimes is astonishing! 52 people were arrested for DUI or OWI (Driving while intoxicated or operating while intoxicated) that were under 18 years old. Total arrests for DUI or OWI that year were 11,548. There were 11,549 people arrested for drunkenness or public intoxication, and 252 of those were also under 18. I have to say that I have definitely learned my lesson from drunk driving. I am just grateful (and lucky) that I didn’t hurt myself, or anyone else for that matter. It was a little after 2:00 a. m. on a crisp Sunday morning in July. For a moment I was not sure where I was. I had forgotten that I fell asleep in my Jeep, which was parked in a private parking lot on 4th street in Sioux City. I could hear music playing and that is what made me remember that I was in my car. Earlier in the night I had met friends at Mac Behrs for a few drinks. I had not eaten all day and then I had one too many cocktails, (actually a few too many) so I was too intoxicated to drive. I had gone to my car while I was calling for a ride home. I made arrangements for a friend to come and pick me up and while I was waiting I got into my vehicle and turned the radio on and plugged my phone into the car charger so it would not die. I heard the man’s voice again. â€Å"Hello, Miss? I need you to step out of your vehicle please. † I was still a little dazed from just waking up so I snapped back at the man. â€Å"For what?! † After I spoke, I realized that I was too hasty with my harsh response because it was a police officer that I was talking to in that tone. As my eyes began to focus I could see that he was losing patience very quickly as he continued to approach my driver’s side door. In order to correct the situation, I immediately began to try to explain myself to the officer. â€Å"Sir, I am sorry. I was waiting for my ride to get here to take me home and I must have fallen asleep. Is there a problem with my being here? † He told me that he had received a complaint from one of the residents of the apartment building that used the private parking lot that I was parked in. That was when I noticed there was something on the inside of my door, as well as on the bottom of my pants, and there was a rancid smell. Apparently I had vomited and at some point had not made it completely out the window. The officer made me step outside the car and he gave me a field sobriety test. Of course, I failed miserably. I was arrested for an OWI (operating while intoxicated) even though I was not driving the car. The keys were in the ignition which shows intent to operate the motor vehicle. I was ordered to get a drug and alcohol evaluation, as well as, being placed on probation for a year, and the maximum fine. This is when I entered outpatient treatment 4 days a week. When I started treatment, I felt as if I was there for no reason. I didn’t feel that I had a problem. I was able to drink with my friends and not do anything stupid. This really was not true at all. There were many times that I would drink and then wake up in the morning not remembering anything that happened the night before. In the beginning, I honestly thought that I was being drugged somehow because I could not remember even a little bit of my night after a certain point. After a while, I realized that I was not being drugged, I was just simply drinking in excess, along with not taking care of my basic health needs. I would not eat for days, and all I would do was drink. I finally realized that I had a problem with alcohol after being arrested 7 times in less than a year. At that time, I had also admitted to myself that I was addicted to prescription pain medication as well. Mind you, I had been in treatment for a few months before I finally came to the realization that I really did have a problem, and I needed help. Once I came to this realization on my own, I was much more accepting of the help that was being offered to me. The hardest part about the entire experience was detoxing. I never could have imagined how bad it actually was. I did not go to a facility to detox, I stayed at home and did it. I felt like I was the most irritable person alive! The headaches that I got were the most excruciating pain I had ever felt (or so it seemed at that time). It was not the alcohol that was making this difficult, it was the pain pills. I was told that going through detox from prescription pain medication is the same as going through detox for heroin. When I finished detoxing, I had to learn how to live life all over again, in a completely different way than I had before. Looking back, I am ashamed of many of the things that I did while I was using. I’m sure if I could remember all the times that I was drunk and blacked out, there would be many more things that I would be ashamed of. Just to give an example of things I used to do, my mother has had breast cancer three times, and every time she would have a surgery, I would steal her pain medication. The person I am today would never do that to anyone, let alone my mother. I sometimes wonder if my experience in treatment would have been successful had I had different counselors. I was assigned 2 main counselors, one for addictions counseling, and the other for life skills. My addictions counselor, Jen, was also a recovering addict/ alcoholic and her drug of choice was the same as mine, which made me feel like she genuinely understood what I was going through and I seemed to â€Å"just click† with her. My life skills counselor, Lori, was a woman who I had known for a large majority of my life. Lori is a recovering compulsive gambler. It was very easy for me to talk to her about the things that were going on in my life and to express the things that I felt I needed help with. In my opinion, the one life skill that was most important for me to learn was how to be a better mother. I knew deep down when I was using that I wasn’t raising my son the way that I should have been, but I didn’t want to admit that. I have learned many things about being a mother, and the majority of what I have learned has been through trial and error. There really is no handbook on parenting. I found that when I was sober, I had more patience with my son, and I do believe that is one of the biggest keys for me. My son is extremely sensitive, and when I lost patience, I would yell at him and hurt his feelings. Looking back I felt like such a terrible mother. Then I remember that everyone has hard times and goes through rough patches in life. I am just glad that I finally admitted to myself that I had a problem, and especially while my son was still young so I had time to correct my wrongs. The skills that I was taught in treatment have helped me get to where I am today. Who knows where I would be today if I was still using. I am so grateful for the help that I received while I was there. Treatment and the people who were there changed my life forever, and for the better. Jen and Lori are my inspiration and the main reason I am currently going to college, so I can become an addictions counselor. How to cite Personal Narrative, Essays

Roman Law (4556 words) Essay Example For Students

Roman Law (4556 words) Essay Roman LawThe Romans have had almost every type of government there is. Theyve had a kingdom, a republic, a dictatorship, and an empire. Their democracy would be the basis for most modern democracies. The people have always been involved with and loved their government, no matter what kind it was. They loved being involved in the government, and making decisions concerning everyone. In general, the Romans were very power-hungry. This might be explained by the myth that they aredescended from Romulus, whos father was Mars, the god of war. Their government loving tendencies have caused many, many civil wars. After any type of government, the change has been made with a civil war. There have also been many civil wars between rulers. But it all boils down to wanting to be involved in government. When the Greeks finally entered Troy after ten long years of siege, a man named Aeneas escaped the city with his father, Anchises, and his son, Ascanius. They went to Mt. Ida, where they were to meet Aeneas wife, Creusa, but she never showed up. Saddened, Aeneas acquired a boat and sailed around the Mediterranean. He bounced around from Asia Minor to Greece to Crete looking for a place to found a new Troy, but he couldnt find a satisfactory place. As told by Homer in the Aeneid, Aeneas was cared for by the gods. Venus, in particular, was very worried about him. She asked Jupiter, king of the gods abouthim, and he said this:Since you are so consumed with anxiety for Aeneas,I shall turn forward farThe hidden pages of fate and speak of the future. He shall conduct a great campaign for youAnd conquer all Italy and its haughty peoples. He shall impose laws on his own peopleAnd build walled cities for them; the third summerShall see him rule in Latium, the third winterOf warfare see the Rutulians subdued. But his son Ascanius It is he who shall consolidate your power-For thirty years with all their turning months;Then shall he move his capital from LaviniumTo Alba Longa, which he shall fortifyTo the uttermost; and there a line of kings Shall reign and reign till Ilia , a priestessOf royal blood, bear twins begotten by Mars;And one of these, Romulus, fostered by a she-wolf,And joyfully wearing her tawny hide, shall ruleAnd found a city for Mars, a new city,And call his people Romans, after his name. For them I see no measure nor date, I grant themDominion without end. Yes, even Juno Even she will mend her ways and vie with meIn cherishing the Romans, the master-race,The wearers of the Toga. So it is willed.(Nardo 13)Finally, he wound up at the mouth of the Tiber River in Italy. He went inland up the river, which was a miracle in itself, becausethe river is very swift. He found Latium, ruled by King Latinus, and married his daughter, Lavinia. With King Latinus permission, Aeneas and Lavinia founded a city called Lavinium, where they ruled side by side for many years. When Aeneas died, his son Ascanius took over. Ascanius founded a new city, which he called Alba Longa, and made it his capital. Now we advance four centuries. The king of Alba Longa is Numitor. He had a jealous brother named Amulius, who seized the throne and drove out Numitor. To prevent Numitors daughter, Rhea Silvia, from having children who could claim the throne, Amulius made her a celibate priestess. While she was a priestess, Mars, the god of war, came and visited her and she had twin boys named Remus and Romulus (Burrell 7). When Amulius found out about the twins, he was furious. He ordered Rhea imprisoned and the boys drowned on the Tiber. The slave who was ordered to drown them felt pity for them, and instead sent them down the river in a basket. When they landed, a she-wolf found them and nursed them because her cubs had just been killed and she was still fertile. Romulus and Remus were found by a shepherd named Faustulus, who took them home to his wife to raise them. As they grew up, being sons of Mars, they turned out to be very athletic and natural leaders, especially of the local boys. When the boys grew up, they heard the story of Numitor and Amulius. With their local friends, they attacked Alba Longa, killed Amulius, restored their grandfather to the throne, and freed their mother. After restoring Numitor to the throne, the boys decided to found a city on one of the seven hills near where their basket wasfound by the wolf. This was a natural spot for a city. Accounts Livy,Not without good reason did gods and men choose this spot as the site of a city, with its bracing hills, its river by means of which the produce of inland countries may be brought down and inland supplies obtained; a sea near enough for all useful purposes, but not so near as to be exposed to danger from foreign fleets; a district in the very center of Italy, in a word, a position singularly adapted by a nature for the growth of a city. (Nardo, 12)The two boys couldnt decide between themselves which hill to start on, so they decided that whoever saw a vulture first could pick. Remus saw the first vulture and five others, and Romulus saw twelve. Remus had rightfully won, but Romulus claimed he should pick since he saw more vultures. He borrowed a plow and team, and plowed a furrow around the P alatine hill. He told his brother that was where the city would be, and if Remus crossed the line, he would be killed. Contemptuous Remus immediately crossed the line, and Romulus killed him. Romulus later said he regretted killing his brother, but life goes on. Hebuilt his city on the Palatine Hill, and called it Rome. When Romulus founded Rome in 753 BC, he made himself the king. Being a brand new city, it had very few people. Romulus built up the population by allowing anybody who wanted to live there, including criminals who flocked to the city. This caused a shortage of women. To get some, the Romans hosted athletic games and invited their neighbors, the Sabines. While they were at the games, some of the Romans sneaked off and stole the Sabine women (Burrell 14-15). Realizing what had happened, the Sabines prepared their army. Expecting this, the Romans were ready and the two forces lined up preparing to fight. Surprisingly, some of the women ran into the no-mans-land in between the armies. This is what their leader said:We were just daughters a short while ago, now we are both wives and daughters. We did not choose our husbands they chose us. We want this fighting to stop. If it goes ahead, many will be slain. When our fathers are dead, we shall be orphans, but if our husbands die, we shall b e widows. We lose either way. (Burrell, 14-15)Surprisingly, the two armies listened and put down their weapons. Since anyone was allowed to reside, Rome had great diversity in its people. There were three main ethnic groups: the Romans, who were first generation, the Sabines, and the Latins, who Romulus is descended from. The Sabines lived in the mountains east of the Tiber and north of the Latins. Later on, another group of people called the Etruscans started moving in. They were unique in that their language had no relation to any other known language, the only one like that. Romulus established a government with a king, who was imperium, Over all persons and in all causes supreme (Adcock 6). Romulus chose one hundred fathers to form the Senate. These people and their descendants are known as Patricians, from the Latin word pater, meaning father. He divided the people into three tribes, mentioned above, and each tribe was divided into smaller curiae. The succession of kings wasnt hereditary. The previous king appointed someone, and that person had to show the good will of heaven. Once king he had to keep the pax deorum, Latin for peace of the gods. Romulus created an army that was to have three thousand infantry and three hundred horsemen, one-third from each tribe. This was a national guard, withpeople keeping their day jobs. When Romulus died in 717 BC, the two main tribes, the Romans and the Sabines, couldnt decide how to pick a king. Finally it was decided that the Romans would pick a Sabine king. They picked Numa Pompilius. This is what Plutarch had to say about him:He banished all luxury and softness from his own home, and in private he devoted himself not to amusement but to the worship of the immortal gods. (Nardo 19)One of Pompilius notable achievements was rearranging the calendar so it had twelve months instead of ten. The third king, Tullus Hostilius, was a war monger. He believed his subjects would grow soft if they werent engaged in a war. Conquering neighboring people, including Alba Longa, he extended Romes rule out to twelve miles. Supposedly the gods got angry with him and killed him with a lightning bolt (Burrell, 12). El Nino EssayAfter Caesars death, his adopted grandson, Octavian, formed the second triumvirate with Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. Antony ruled the east, Octavian the west and Italy, and Lepidus ruled Africa. The second triumvirate was constituted by an act of state to reconstitute the state. They were given five years, but this was later extended. The three crushed all of their opponents, including Brutus, Cassius, and Cicero. Battling against Sextus Pompeius, Octavian summoned Lepidus to Italy to help him. Upon arriving, Lepidus tried to seize Sicily, and was subsequently kicked out of the triumvirate. Mark Antony fell in love with Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, who was rumored to be a former lover of Caesar. Together they ruled the eastern Empire for many years. With the growing support of the Roman people, Octavian declared war on Antony, to secure power for himself. The two forces, Octavians navy commanded by Marcus Agrippa, and Antony and Cleopatras navy, met at the battle of Actium on September 2, 31 BC. Agrippa, a very capable general and a good friend of Octavian, commanded 260 light ships, while Antony commanded 220 heavy ships (Encarta Actium). The battle raged on for a very long time, and was beginning to look like a stalemate, when the Egyptian fleet withdrew. Agrippas fleet crushed the remnants of Antonys fleet, who survived and escaped back to Egypt with Cleopatra. Antony received a false rumor and killed himself by falling on his sword. Upon hearing of his suicide, Cleopatra killed herself with an asp, which was a symbol of the eye of Ra, the Egyptian sun god (Gibson). Aft er the war was over, Octavian closed the Roman temple to Janus, the Roman god of beginnings of wars. This showed that the world was at peace. In 28 BC, Octavian and Agrippa became consuls. After one year, they turned the state over to the free decision of the Senate and People of Rome (Adcock 74). The Senate and people of Rome gave Octavian ten years of complete control. Octavian named himself the princeps, which is Latin for emperor. He ran the Empire as a monarchy, although it was disguised as a Republic. They still had a senate, but senators only made it into office with Octavians approval. Those citizens who werent fooled kept quiet, because Octavian kept things peaceful and governed fairly. Octavian ended the Roman tradition of conquest, cutting the army from seventy five to twenty eight legions. In 23 BC, Octavian gave up the consulate, but the senate forced himto keep power over the provinces. In effect, he ran the Empire from the background, while others were elected consul. These consuls had power, but always did what Octavian said. On his death bed, Octavian was advised to forgive his enemies. He responded with, Yes father, but how can I? I have them all (Adcock 75). Octavian was almost eighty when he died in 14 AD. After Octavian came the Emperor Tiberius. His reign was non-eventful, and he retired after plots against him were turned up. After Tiberius came Gaius, who was better known as Caligula. During his reign, Caligula went crazy. According to Burrell, anyone disagreeing with him was thrown to the lions in the Arena. He also got the Senate to name his horse consul.(49) Everyone was thankful when he was assassinated in 41 AD. Caligula was succeeded by several emperors who did nothing governmentally, including Claudius and Nero. Around the second century AD, the Empire began to crumble. Wave after wave of barbarian invaders, especially the Huns, chipped away at the state. Eventually some of the provinces had to be abandoned. At the end of the third century, Emperor Diocletian decided the empire was two big, and split it in two. He ruled the east from Turkey, and commissioned Maximian to rule the west from Milan. He called this form of government the Dominate, from Latin dominus, meaning master. There were two Augusti, who ruled the east and west, and under them there were two Caesars, who were like vice-presidents. The two Caesars of the east and west were Constantine and Galerius, respectively. Diocletian turned his empire into something like afeudal system, where peasants were deprived of personal freedom and tied to the soil. He renamed citizens to subjects. In 305, Diocletian and Maximian stepped down as Augusti, resulting in civil wars between the old Caesars and new Augusti. Eventually, Constantine the Great came out on top in 312. Constantines troops made him emperor, and he ruled the entire Empire from Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople. Constantine was the first Christian ruler of the Empire. Alaric of the Visgoths helped the emperor Theodosius crush a rebellion. Unfortunately, Theodosius died before he could reward Alaric. The new emperor, Honorius, cut Alaric off from Rome, which he resented deeply. Alaric took his army to Constantinople, but found it too well guarded. He then led his army to the city of Rome, where, in the fifth century, sacked it. The Empire continued to fall to barbarians. The east and west sides of the Empire were in a virtual state of war. In 429, Vandals conquered Africa. In 410, Britain fell. In 451, the Huns took most of Europe. When Atilla the Hun came to Rome, Pope Leo was able to convince him to spare the city. In 455, Vandals came and sacked Rome. In the year 476 AD, the last emperor died, marking the fall of the Roman Empire, one of the greatest ever. That last emperors name was, ironically, Romulus. The Roman Kingdom, Republic, Empire, Dictatorship, and others have affected all of us. The United States government in commonly known as a democracy, but its actually a Republic, almost identical to the Roman one. The Roman government was one of the most powerful ever, at one point ruling most of the civilized world. It is almost certainly the best known. Ask anyone about Romulus and Remus, Gaius Julius Caesar, Augustus, Caligula, Nero, Constantine; theyll know who youre talking about. The term Caesar was used to mean ruler for thousands of years after his death. Both the German word Kaiser as well as the Russian word Czar are from the name Caesar and mean ruler. Today some three-fourths of the countries are Republic, styled after the Romans. The Romans are probably the most influential people of all-time. BibliographyActium, Battle of. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed. Adcock, F. E. Roman Political Ideas and Practice. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1959. Asimov, Isaac. The Roman Republic. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966. Burrell, Roy. The Romans. Oxford: Oxford University, 1991. Caesar. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed. Caesar, Gaius Julius. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed. Gibson, Elke. Personal Interview. 19 March 1997. Nardo, Don. The Roman Republic. San Diego: Lucent, 1994. The Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine. CIS: Research and Education (16 March 1997). Republic. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed. Rise of Rome (753-44 BC). Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed. Rome, Ancient the Empire. CIS: http://isdup/menu/133.html; Research and Education, Academic American Encyclopedia; Groliers (16 March 1997) . Rome, History of. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed. Sabines. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed. BibliographyThe Romans have had almost every type of government there is. Theyve had a kingdom, a republic, a dictatorship, and an empire. Their democracy would be the basis for most modern democracies. The people have always been involved with and loved their government, no matter what kind it was. They loved being involved in the government, and making decisions concerning everyone. In general, the Romans were very power-hungry. This might be explained by the myth that they aredescended from Romulus, whos father was Mars, the god of war. Their government loving tendencies have caused many, many civil wars. After any type of government, the change has been made with a civil war. There have also been many civil wars between rulers. But it all boils down to wanting to be involved in government.

Louis Satchmo Armstrong Essays - Music, Jazz, American Music

Louis ?Satchmo? Armstrong Louis Satchmo Armstrong was one of the most popular musicians of his time. Upon initiating my research, I was surprised to find conflicting dates as to when he was born. Encarta Africa said he was born in 1901, 1001 things to know about African American history-1898, regular Encarta 1900, Little Louis and the jazz band by Angela Shelf Medearis says his date of birth is August 4, 1901. The book Jazz Stars by Richard Rennert states that Louis Armstrong was born in 1899, the book Louis Armstrong by Sam Tanenhaus says he was born on July 4, 1900. The reason why they have so many different dates is due to the fact that he probably wasnt born in a hastpital and they did not use to keep good records of black peoples birthdays. So for accuracy sake, we can say he was born in the end of the 1800s, or the beginning of the 1900s. Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. His mother, Mary Albert was a 15 or 16-year-old prostitute. He lived with his mother, whom he called Mayann, and his younger sister, Beatrice, whom he called Mama Lucy, and his grandmother. His Father, William Armstrong, seldom visited little Louis. Ever since he was seven years old, Little Louis worked after school to help his mother. He sold buckets of coal late into the night. During that time people used coal for heating and for cooking. He blew a tin party horn so that everyone knew that he had coal for sale. He found that if he took the wooden mouthpiece off the end of the horn and used two fingers over the end of the mouthpiece hole, he could play a tune. He wanted a real trumpet but he was too poor to buy one. Louis Armstrongs neighborhood was poor but lively. The men on the waterfront bellowed out rhythmic words and chants as they unlocked the ships. The washerwomen sang mournful spirituals as they scrubbed their loads of cloths. Day night, ragtime musicdanced out of the neighborhood honky-tonks. At night, Little Louis fell asleep to the sad songs of the local blues singers. Those sorrowful songs sounded like they were full of all the pain in the world. Little Louis enjoyed all kinds of music, but he loved the music played by the brass bands most of all. Sometimes after a parade, Joe king Oliver, the best cornet player in New Orleans, would let Louis carry his cornet case. Little Louis wanted to make music too. He wanted to play a cornet just like King Oliver. In music, Armstrong discovered the path to success, after a New Years Eve prank in 1913. He had taken his stepfathers .38-caliber pistol and six blanks and fired them into the air. Before he knew what was happening, a policeman had grabbed Little Louis by the arm. Off went Little Louis in the custody of the New Orleans police. The judge decided to send him to the Colored Waifs Home for boys to keep him out of trouble. The home gave poor boys a chance to finish school and learn a trade. A military man, Captain Joseph Jones and his wife ran it. He ran the home military style. Little Louis was heart broken and home sick. Then one day he heard a brass band playing. He followed the music and found himself in a room full of boys and instruments. He went to band rehearsal everyday and finally he was asked to join the band. The conductor of the band, Mr. Davis, first gave him a tambourine. Then Louis tried the drums. Then he tried the saxophone to play, and finally a cornet. Mr. Davis helped Louis learn how to play the cornet properly. He showed Louis how to hold his mouth and use his breathing his throat and his stomach muscles to produce a good tone. In 1914, when Louis was thirteen years old, he was allowed to leave the home. Louis wasnt little anymore. After two years of hard work, he had become a talented musician. Louis noticed that New Orleans music was different. Ragtime was almost gone. A swinging new type of music was being played. People called this kind of music jazz.

Traits That Belong To a Good Paramedic essays

Traits That Belong To a Good Paramedic essays In a time of crisis, when the good has been overthrown by bad, and Mother Nature has thrown her worst at us, paramedics are here to treat and rescue the ill and injured. There are three major components that make paramedics the one that people would prefer to be treated by: quick thinking, patience, and a strong stomach. Quick thinking is a trait not everyone may have, but this is an important essence for a paramedic. When there is an emergency paramedics need to be right on their toes. Things can deteriorate very quickly hence the importance for quick thinking. There is little time to ponder a situation. Action must be taken immediately especially in life or death situations. When someones heart stops, paramedics must be on top of the situation before a person reaches cardiac arrest, for too long and they suffer long-term brain damage or death. Another aspect is patience. Everyone has this trait but it varies in size from person to person. It is important to stay calm and remain. For example, a hyperactive patient may be difficult to treat when unintelligent questions are asked. In this, situation paramedics need to stay cool and collective and take very careful precautions so they do not send them into a further panic thus making any kind of treatment impossible to administer. The final aspect is a strong stomach. When disaster strikes, things get horrific and paramedics cannot get sick when things turn ugly. Situations can become grotesque: car accidents, stabbings, gun shot wounds, or even sick people. Part of having a strong stomach is also being able to keep your emotions under control and not getting attached to your victims. Especially if they die or you are with a hysterical spouse whose partner died. The three aspects, quick thinking, patience, and a strong stomach are traits that make a great paramedic. When paramedics are on call, not thinking, and lack patience, it leaves room for error and personal ...

Writing a Memoir from Occupied Palestine

Writing a Memoir from Occupied Palestine In Gaza, I Dare to Dream: Writing a Memoir from Occupied Palestine Rana Shubair is a writer from Palestine specializing in English language training, testing, and translation. Her first book, In Gaza I Dare to Dream, is a powerful memoir detailing everyday life within the Gaza Blockade.I discovered my passion for writing at the age of 12. I'd buy a stack of paper and sit at the back of the school auditorium, scribbling down my thoughts. As a babysitter, I would write poetry for hours, long after putting the child to bed. It was a way of collecting my thoughts; I could express my feelings, if only to a diary. Over the years, I bought many locked diaries and wrote in them every day. It was my retreat, my passion, and my remedy.My country has been a place of turmoil for the past 68 years. Denied basic human rights like freedom of movement and access to proper medical care, the daily struggles we Palestinians endure under the Occupation is almost unbearable. In the city of Gaza, we have been under an Israeli-imposed siege for ten whole years now, locked in a big open-air prison and denied a normal life.   These harsh conditions pushed me to voice my thoughts, igniting a desire to speak to the outside world.I can't end this post without mentioning my book and cover designer, Domini Dragoone. What I loved most about her was her sincerity and enthusiasm for my project and the help she gave me beyond her design work.   Here is what she had to say about my manuscript: "I'm very moved by your book and hope it gets into the hands of many readers; I feel like your story has the power to inspire such compassion and understanding, both things that the world can use a lot more of! I don't always get to work on projects with topics that I care about a great deal, so it has been a treat to work on a book that feels very important".Now having published my first book,In Gaza I Dare to Dream, I'm happy to say that one of my dreams has come true. And I couldn’t have done it without the help of some great people.In Gaza I Dare to Dream  is  available on Amazon  for Kindle and Paperback.